DoctoRise

BMI — Body Mass Index

Weight (kg) ÷ Height (m)². WHO classification.

Weight (kg)

Height (cm)

NEWS2 — National Early Warning Score 2

7 physiological parameters. Triggers escalation response.

Respiratory Rate (breaths/min)

SpO₂ (%)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Heart Rate (bpm)

Temperature (°C)

Level of Consciousness

On supplemental O₂?

GCS — Glasgow Coma Scale

Eye (4) + Verbal (5) + Motor (6). Min 3, Max 15.

Eye Opening (E)

Verbal Response (V)

Motor Response (M)

IBW / ABW — Ideal & Adjusted Body Weight

Devine formula. ABW = IBW + 0.4×(actual − IBW) when obese.

Height (cm)

Actual Weight (kg)

Sex

BSA — Body Surface Area (Mosteller)

BSA = √(H×W/3600). Used for chemotherapy dosing.

Weight (kg)

Height (cm)

MAP — Mean Arterial Pressure

MAP = DBP + ⅓(SBP − DBP). Minimum 65 mmHg for organ perfusion.

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

CHA₂DS₂-VASc — AF Stroke Risk

Stroke risk in non-valvular AF. Guides anticoagulation.

HAS-BLED — Bleeding Risk in AF

1-year major bleeding risk. Score ≥3 = high risk.

Risk Factors

Hypertension (uncontrolled SBP >160)+1Abnormal renal function+1Abnormal liver function (add if renal ticked)+1Stroke history+1Bleeding history or predisposition+1Labile INR+1Elderly (age >65)+1Drugs (antiplatelets / NSAIDs)+1Alcohol excess (add if drugs ticked)+1

GRACE — ACS In-Hospital Mortality

Estimates in-hospital death risk after ACS.

Age (years)

Heart Rate (bpm)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Creatinine (µmol/L)

Killip Class

Additional

Cardiac arrest at admission+39ST-segment deviation+28Elevated cardiac enzymes+14

CURB-65 — CAP Severity

Severity scoring for community-acquired pneumonia.

Wells Score — DVT

Pre-test probability of deep vein thrombosis.

Criteria

Active cancer (treatment within 6 months)+1Paralysis / paresis / plaster immobilisation+1Bedridden >3 days or surgery within 12 weeks+1Entire leg swollen+1Collateral superficial veins (non-varicose)+1Pitting oedema (greater in symptomatic leg)+1Tenderness along deep venous system+1Calf >3 cm larger than asymptomatic side+1Alternative diagnosis at least as likely as DVT−2

Wells PE — Pulmonary Embolism

Score >4 = PE likely; ≤4 = PE unlikely.

Criteria

Clinical signs of DVT+3Alternative dx less likely than PE+3Heart rate >100 bpm+1.5Immobilisation (≥3 days) or surgery in 4 weeks+1.5Previous DVT or PE+1.5Haemoptysis+1Malignancy (on treatment or palliative)+1

sPESI — PE Severity Index

30-day mortality in confirmed PE. Score 0 = low risk (~1%).

qSOFA — Sepsis Screening

Score ≥2 suggests high risk for poor outcome.

Criteria (1 point each)

Respiratory rate ≥22/min+1Altered mentation (GCS <15)+1Systolic BP ≤100 mmHg+1

SOFA — Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

Organ dysfunction scoring in ICU. Score 0–24.

PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio

Platelets (×10⁹/L)

Bilirubin (µmol/L)

Cardiovascular

GCS

Creatinine / Urine output

Alvarado Score — Appendicitis

Probability of acute appendicitis. Score ≥7 = high.

Glasgow-Blatchford — Upper GI Bleed

Predicts need for intervention. Score 0 = low risk.

Blood Urea (mmol/L)

Haemoglobin Male (g/dL)

Haemoglobin Female (g/dL)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Rockall Score — GI Bleed Rebleed Risk

Post-endoscopy rebleed and mortality risk. ≥5 = high.

Age

Shock

Comorbidity

Diagnosis

Major Stigmata

eGFR — CKD-EPI (2021)

Race-free 2021 equation. Used for CKD staging.

Age (years)

Sex

Serum Creatinine (µmol/L)

Cockcroft-Gault — Creatinine Clearance

CrCl for drug dosing. Not for CKD staging.

Age (years)

Weight (kg)

Serum Creatinine (µmol/L)

Sex

FENa — Fractional Excretion of Sodium

Distinguishes pre-renal (<1%) from intrinsic AKI (>2%).

Serum Na⁺ (mmol/L)

Urine Na⁺ (mmol/L)

Serum Creatinine (µmol/L)

Urine Creatinine (µmol/L)

Anion Gap — Metabolic Acidosis

AG = Na − (Cl + HCO₃). Normal 8–12 mEq/L.

Na⁺ (mmol/L)

Cl⁻ (mmol/L)

HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L)

Albumin g/L (optional)

Corrected Ca²⁺ — Albumin-adjusted

Corrected Ca = Measured + 0.02×(40 − Albumin).

Measured Calcium (mmol/L)

Albumin (g/L)

Serum Osmolality

Calc = 2×Na + Urea + Glucose. Normal 275–295 mOsm/kg.

Na⁺ (mmol/L)

Urea (mmol/L)

Glucose (mmol/L)

Measured Osmolality mOsm/kg (optional)

A-a Gradient — Alveolar-Arterial O₂

Normal < age/4 + 4 mmHg. Elevated suggests V/Q mismatch.

FiO₂ (fraction, 0.21=air)

PaCO₂ (mmHg)

PaO₂ (mmHg)

Age (years)

Child-Pugh Score — Cirrhosis Severity

Class A: ~100%, B: ~80%, C: ~45% 1-yr survival.

Bilirubin (µmol/L)

Albumin (g/L)

INR

Ascites

Encephalopathy

MELD — End-Stage Liver Disease

90-day mortality; transplant waitlist prioritisation.

Bilirubin (µmol/L)

INR

Creatinine (µmol/L)

Maddrey’s DF — Alcoholic Hepatitis

DF ≥32 = severe (consider prednisolone 40mg/day).

PT — Patient (seconds)

PT — Control (seconds)

Bilirubin (µmol/L)

Maintenance Fluids & Parkland Formula

Holiday-Segar maintenance + Parkland burns.

Weight (kg)

% BSA Burned (0 if not burns)

Free Water Deficit

Estimates the volume of free water needed to correct hypernatraemia (Na > 145 mmol/L). Correct slowly: no faster than 10 mmol/L per 24 h to avoid cerebral oedema.

Sex

Weight (kg)

Serum Na⁺ (mmol/L)

Bishop Score — Cervical Ripening

Score ≥8 = favourable; induction likely to succeed.

Dilatation

Effacement

Station

Consistency

Position

EDD / Gestational Age

Naegele’s rule: LMP + 9 months + 7 days.

Last Menstrual Period (LMP)

AMT-10 — Abbreviated Mental Test Score

Quick cognitive screen. Score ≤6/10 suggests impairment.

ROSIER — Stroke Recognition

Score >0 = stroke likely. Sensitivity ~93%.

Subtract (−1 each)

Loss of consciousness or syncope−1Seizure activity−1

CIWA-Ar — Alcohol Withdrawal

Score <10 mild; 10–15 moderate; >15 severe.

Nausea / Vomiting (0–7)

Tremor (0–7)

Paroxysmal Sweats (0–7)

Anxiety (0–7)

Agitation (0–7)

Perceptual Disturbances (0–7)

Headache (0–7)

Orientation (0–4)